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1. How the Romans addressed the problems of light and sound.
Choice (A) is a supporting detail. Choice (B) is incorrect because the Romans did not have electricity for amplification. Choice (D) is too general; most of the passage deals with how the Romans addressed light and sound problems in theater productions.
2. The problem is closest in meaning to quandary ( -ies ) in this context.
3. However, without modern tools of amplification, a large number of people gathered together in an outdoor theater created another problem : the problem of sound.
4. By watching the mime, the audience was able to recognize what was being said even if they could not clearly hear the words .¦ This provided the Romans with one way of addressing the problem.
- The added sentence nicely summarizes what was said in the paragraph. A key word here is the demonstrative This , which refers the reader back to the technique explained in the preceding sentence.
5. the actors
- The pronoun they refers the reader back in the sentence to the people who were doing the portraying, the actors .
6. They helped the audience understand the play.
Key: Another technique to help the audience comprehend the action was for the actors to wear masks.
Choices (A) and (D) are not mentioned. Choice (B) is not the reason why the use of masks is discussed.
7. the actors who were playing men wore brown masks, while the actors playing women used white masks.
-The phrase This distinction refers back to the different colors of masks worn by the actors in the play.
8. This distinction was important in the Roman theater because women were not allowed to act and their parts were played by men or young boys.
Key: because.
9. costumes helped the audience understand the play
10. Each costume corresponded to a certain type of character.
-The other answer choices are either not mentioned in the passage or cannot be inferred.
11. The Roman theater was similar to the Greek theater.
While it is true that the Romans borrowed ideas form the Greeks, this was not the topic of the passage and would not be necessary to include in a summary.
12. management of deforestation.
This topic is not discussed in the passage.
13. A complete and permanent removal of forest cover.
19. deforestation has many detrimental consequences
-This sentence is the best summary of paragraph 3.
20. For example, forest clearance is releasing substantial volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as vegetation is burnt or decays.
-This sentence describes how deforestation may be contributing to global warming.
21. Deforestation also threatens biological diversity through the destruction of wildlife habitats, which endangers a number of animal species and leads to their potential disappearance. - ENTER SENTENCE HERE
-The preceding sentence introduces the point that deforestation endangers animals, and the added sentence builds on that point.
22. Preservation
The noun preservation (to save or conserve something) has the opposite meaning of depletion (to completely use the supply of something).
23. bottom left picture of a city
The author does not mention any link between deforestation and cities in this passage.
24. The Creation of the Universe
This passage discusses one theory of the creation of the universe. The other answer choices are supporting details.
25. It is not the only theory of how the universe originated.
The other answer choices are not answered or supported by the author in this passage.
26. Paragraph 2
27. the universe
The pronoun it refers back in the sentence to its referent, the universe .
28. To show one of the results of the Big Bang.
Along with electromagnetism and nuclear force, gravity is listed as one of the results of the Big Bang.
29. To show experimental support for the Big Bang.
The other answer choices are supporting details and are not the purpose of the paragraph.
30. One of those solar systems, ours, began to form approximately 5 billion years ago, centered around a large "protostar" which became our sun.
- ENTER SENTENCE HERE
The added sentence describes the next step in the evolution of the universe, according to this theory.
31. the trajectories of receding galaxies confirm the Big Bang theory
This phrase is closest in meaning to the verb receding .
33. unanswered questions
The pronoun them refers back to the point made in the previous sentence, unanswered questions .
34. Our sun originated from a "protostar".
This point is a minor detail in the passage and need not be included in a summary.
35. In a nutrition textbook
Of the four answer choices this would be the most likely place to find a passage of this nature.
36. shortage
Of the four answer choices, shortage is closest in meaning to deficient . Both words mean that something is lacking .
37. a well balanced diet
The phrase such a regime refers back to the subject of the sentence, a well-balanced diet .
38. General information about fat-soluble vitamins
Answer choices (A) and (B) are supporting details. Choice (D) is not discussed in this paragraph.
39. Excess amounts of these vitamins accumulate in the body's fat, liver, and kidneys.
40. Therefore, a deficiency of Vitamin A can cause night blindness.
- ENTER SENTENCE HERE
The added sentence builds upon the point made in the previous sentence concerning blindness.
41. They will promote healthy blood.
According to the passage, both vitamins are essential for healthy blood. The other answer choices are not supported in the passage.
42. vital
Of the four answer choices, the adjective vital is closest in meaning to essential .
43. bottom left picture (nuts)
44. The vitamin is the only one that does not have to come from food.
This is the most likely reason the author used a separate paragraph to discuss vitamin D.
45. Eating fat-soluble vitamins is a way to prevent certain diseases.
The first answer choice is contradicted by the information in paragraph 2. The second answer choice is incorrect since the passage states several ways you can supplement your diet to make sure you get enough vitamins. The last answer choice is also contradicted by information in paragraph 2.
VnVista Forum > Góc kiến thức > Câu lạc bộ ngoại ngữ > Khám phá thế giới tiếng Anh - English world > Tài liệu luyện thi TOEFL, IETLS
Dec 5 2005, 04:01 PM
